The judicial branch has the responsibility to make sure the actions of the executive and the legislative branches do not violate the constitution. this authority, established in the case of marbury v. madison (1803), is known as

i just did something on this guy a few days a go give me two minutes to find it in my notes.

although the crusades failed to capture jerusalem, they had several major impacts on western europe. they increased the authority of the king: sometimes nobles died in battle without leaving an heir in which case the king got their land. kings passed taxes to pay for the crusades.