How was the byzantine emperor's authority tested as a result of a disagreement over the use of icons?

Think local—how is the lawmaking process at a local level different from the state or federal government? use complete sentences.

Although china's total economic output, measured by gross domestic product (gdp), is third largest in the world, it is considered a developing nation. what is most likely the most important factor for this designation?

This is the name of the 17th century conflict between those loyal to parliament and those loyal to british monarchy