What happens first when a bill is introduced in the house?

the house votes to approve or reject the bill.
representatives debate the bill on the floor of the house.
the speaker decides whether the house will consider the bill.
the bill is assigned to a committee, who looks into it and recommends changes.

The validity of the public debt of the United States, authorized by law, including debts incurred for payment of pensions and bounties for services in suppressing insurrection or rebellion, shall not be questioned. But neither the United States nor any State shall assume or pay any debt or obligation incurred in aid of insurrection or rebellion against the United States, or any claim for the loss or emancipation of any slave; but all such debts, obligations, and claims shall be held illegal and void.

Political forces often influence public opinion.