B. Islamic Empire
Explanation:
The Islamic Empire developed between the seventh century and the thirteenth century. In the Arabian Peninsula appeared a new monotheistic religion, Islam, which spread rapidly. It was a period of great cultural prosperity in opposition to the medieval European era.
After the death of Mahoma, the Arab town obtained a great military expansion, by means of the Holy War, during centuries VII and VIII.
The direction of Islam was in the hands of the caliphs, who were the successors of Muhammad. At first these caliphs were chosen among the relatives of the prophet. They formed the orthodox dynasty. The capital of the empire settled in Medina and conquered Egypt, Mesopotamia, Syria, Palestine, Armenia and Asia Minor.
In the year 661, another family seized the Islamic Empire and turned the office of caliph into a hereditary one. The Umayyad dynasty began. This family moved the capital to Damascus, in Syria. With regard to the expansion of Islam, they conquered Morocco and the Iberian Peninsula from the west and continued their progress in the east.
The family of the Abbasids murdered the Umayyads and took control of the Islamic Empire. Only Abderramán survived, who fled to the Iberian Peninsula and founded the Caliphate of Córdoba. The capital of the empire moved to Baghdad, in Iraq. From the tenth century, the Empire lost power due to the continuous attacks of other peoples, such as the Turks, and the fragmentation of the territory.
