How did italian city-states like venice and florence become major banking and trade centers?
a. large families of powerful bankers established trade agreements with nearby cities.
b. their location made them a natural route for travel between europe, africa, and asia.
c. their military forces conquered nearby cities, which increased their financial resources.
d. they shared economic strategies and built alliances in other regions during the crusades.

i believe it was spain

        i'm fairly sure that the correct answers are 2 and 3.

        i used both my knowledge of world history and the process of elimination to obtain these answers. option 1 cannot be a possible selection because the mandate of heaven belongs to ancient chinese philosophical belief. option 4 sounds like it would benefit the region than detriment it. however, both 2 and 3 explain a potential reason for what could have contributed to the fall of the roman empire.

      hope this ! if i were you, i'd get a second opinion, because i haven't taken this course for a year. best of luck!

***websites that me understand the curriculum better last year are and ***