Controls given to one branch of government to limit the power of another branch are known as

I believe the answer is: Checks and balances

For example, president as the head of the executive branch could create an executive order to make any legislation that intended by executive branch. The legislative branch could override this order by using their veto right and 2/3 votes of the congress.

because other regions has other things that egypt doesnt have.

which colony was founded, in part, as a place for english debtors?

a) georgia