Who were the leaders of athens and persia in the first persian war?

Pericles

The period during which he led Athens, roughly from 461 to 429 BC, is sometimes known as the "Age of Pericles", but the period thus denoted can include times as early as the Persian Wars or as late as the following century.

king Darius the Great

The invasion, consisting of two distinct campaigns, was ordered by the Persian king Darius the Great primarily in order to punish the city-states of Athens and Eretria.

Explanation:

b, the anti immigrant fervor

independent innovation during the abbasid caliphate