Indian scholars invented all of the following that we use today except . a. the 12 month calendar c. the number zero b. inoculations against disease d. hindu-arabic numerals

The correct answer is A. Indian scholars invented all of the following that we use today except the 12 month calendar.

Regarding the 12-month calendar, this was not invented by the Indians.

In ancient civilizations, the lunar calendar was used to calculate the passage of time. The transition between one month and another was marked by the orbit of the Moon: when it returned to its initial phase, this time period was considered to be over. After 12 lunar months, there was talk of a full year. Some time later, the need to take into consideration the passage of the seasons arose, and lunisolar calendars were created, which grouped the lunar months in different climatic periods.

In Ancient Egypt, the first solar calendars appeared, which measured the time guided by the apparent movement of the Sun. This innovation allowed to date the exact moment of the flood of the Nile River, fundamental for a society that lived on agriculture. Egyptian astronomers knew that the year lasted 365 days, but they did not consider those few extra hours that do not complete a day. The Egyptian calendar thus carried with centuries of lag, and religious opposition slowed down any hint of reform.

At the time of the Roman Empire, the calendar had 304 days arranged in 10 months, so that the pontiffs had to interject an eleventh month every few years to compensate for the temporary imbalance. This, however, increased to the point that winter ended up being dated in the astronomical autumn. Julius Caesar, in 46 BC, ordered a reform of the Roman calendar in order to definitively adjust the year to the course of the Sun. The Julian calendar, which retained the 365 days divided into 12 months of the Egyptian calendar, dated the seasons and its corresponding Roman festivals agreeing with the astronomical moment in which they happened. To counteract the lag, instead of interspersing one month every X time, it was decided to add one day every four years (including the secular ones), which originated the concept of a leap year.

especially research the treaty of greenville and the treaty of colerain in washington's administration.   also research at least one significant treaty from the administrations of adams, jefferson, and madison. tell the outcome of each treaty and how it did or did not in the further development of the west.

treaty of greenville (1814) the treaty of greenville (1814) was called a treaty of peace and friendship between the united states of america and the tribes of native americans called the wyandots, delawares, shawanoese, senacas and miamies.

the treaty of colerain was signed at st. marys, georgia in camden county, georgia, by benjamin hawkins, george clymer, and andrew pickens for the united states and representatives of the creek nation, for whom indian trader langley bryant served as an interpreter, on june 29, 1796, proclaimed on march 18, 1797, and codified as 7 stat. 56. colerain was a small community and the site of a u.s. indian factory founded by james seagrove.  

this treaty affirmed the binding of the treaty of new york (1790). the treaties of hopewell and the treaty of holston (1791) established boundary lines between the choctaws, chickasaws, cherokee, and the u.s. the treaty of colerain bound the creek nation to acknowledge the boundaries established in those treaties.  

it also established the boundary line between the creek nation and the united states. at the time of this treaty, the boundaries between spanish florida and the u.s. had not yet been established. this treaty formally allowed the creek chiefs to acknowledge the negotiation for delineating the georgia-florida boundary with spain.  

the treaty contained a provision that the president of the u.s. may establish a trading or military outpost.  

the united states demanded that the creeks give up their american prisoners and also return all "citizens, white inhabitants, negroes and property" taken by the creeks.  

the treaty describes when it would take effect. after the treaty had been signed but not yet promulgated, the u.s. senate requested modification of two articles of the treaty. the first modification stipulated that the military or trading posts would be under the control of the united states. the second modification stipulated that if the u.s. no longer required the use of those posts, the locations would revert to the creek people.