Which supreme court decision upheld affirmative action? brown v. board of education grutter v. bollinger hernandez v. texas plessy v. ferguson

Grutter v. Bollinger

Grutter v. Bollinger (2003) was a landmark case in which the Supreme Court upheld that the affirmative action admissions policy of the University of Michigan Law School was constitutional, as the school had a compelling interest in promoting diversity.

It also argued that the system was not equivalent to a quota system (which would have been unconstitutional) as it favoured underrepresented minority groups but also took into account many other factors on an individual basis.

i thing that the best option is a.they feared it would cause a second economic collapse.

one of the most negatives aspects of the new deal was that it upset the balanced federal budget and led to a huge deficit for the nation while at the same time failed to end increasing unemployment. roosevelt's program, based on keynesian theories of economics, called for massive government spending to stimulate the economy. as he   failed to do this with large tax increases; large sums of money were borrowed to fund new deal programs. when the economy showed some improvement, roosevelt was concerned about inflation, and ordered cuts in government spending. unfortunately, he did so at a time when the new social security tax had cut people's disposable income. businesses were too afraid of spending, and the economy in 1937 was in worse shape than in 1929. at the end of that year, two million people were unemployed.

b. the 200th birthday of the united states