Examine the changing nature of african political development in songhay, the swahili city-states, and the kingdom of kongo. who were the main leaders? what were the most important turning points?

Songhay was ruled by the Askia dynasty. In the reign of this family, their is a constant struggle for the throne between family members that lead to the demise of the empire by Moroccan invasion.The Islamic Swahili city-states are governed by Kilwa chronicles-long list sultanate government. Swahili as a coastal area believed to have a trading network with Persia. Historic Portuguese and Arab colonization sometime in the 15th-16th century who later reclaimed their independence in the 17th century.Located in Central Africa rose the Kindom of Congo. A kingdom ruled by Kings was built through an alliance of two neighboring kingdoms. Again like Swahili city-states, the kingdom of congo was conquered by portuguese that brought Christianity. There were several epic wars between Portugal and kingdom of Congo followed by long civil war. This 3 African kingdoms generally are ruled by dynasties of family and altogether have been colonized by foreign countries.

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