Which is not a criticism of polling? the wide margins of error in polls make them very poor reflections of the public's attitudes polls can be misleading if not properly constructed and conducted and should always be looked at with scrutiny polls must be used with care by leaders since they only reflect the passive belief of the public polls can distort elections by creating a "bandwagon" effect

polls must be used with care by leaders since they only reflect the passive belief of the public

Explanation:

This is not a criticism of polling because it is not often that polls get critized because the leaders do not use them in the proper way and because polls express the passive belief of the public, all of the other options are important things to keep in mind when interpreting polls and when publishing them because they can create a bandwagon effect which is when people see that lots of people think in a certain way and they start to think like the majority, even if that´s not the feeling of the majority.

in 1862, president lincoln's emancipation proclamation opened the door for african americans to enlist in the union army. although many had wanted to join the war effort earlier, they were prohibited from enlisting by a federal law dating back to 1792.

explanation:

those who allied with france gained land and power.