The main cause of the balkanization of czechoslovakia and yugoslavia was
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ethnic conflict
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Ethnic conflict

Explanation:

In the case of Lugoslavia, after World War II, in 1945, the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia was formed a socialist state headed by Josip Broz Tito. Tito tried to diminish the influence of the two major ethnic groups, the Serbs and the Croats, giving status of greater representativeness to the others. The incredible ethnic mosaic of the Balkans was, over the next forty years, sedimented by the Titoist ideology, which was greatly strengthened when Titus, disobeying Stalin, chose a "proper way to socialism," wholly independent of the cadres that the Soviets imposed on Eastern Europe through "popular democracies". Tito has since enjoyed enormous respect that transcends ethnic issues, without doubt he was the only political leader of the former Yugoslavia who had the popular support of the various ethnic groups. An anecdote that summed up Tito's political-ethnic system under Yugoslavia was: "Six republics, five ethnicities, four languages, three religions, two alphabets and one Party."

When Tito died in 1980, a constitution, which had been prepared in the past, was put into practice, aimed at achieving the rotation of executive power so that none of the ethnic groups felt excluded from the central power. Thus, each legislative period, a representative of one of the six major ethnic groups, who would take over as head of government, would be chosen. It was impossible to adopt the system of direct election for the leadership of the executive, because if this were done, a Serbian would always be paid, since they were the majority among the ethnic groups that made up Yugoslavia. The weak point of this system was that none of the presidents chosen by the federation's parliament had the stature of Tito, nor was it supported by the majority vote of the population, which was a decisive point for the failure of that system.

In the case of Czechoslovakia, the country had a great ethnic diversity, for besides the two main peoples, the Czechs and Slovaks, important minorities made up the population: Germans, Hungarians, Ruthenians (Ukrainians), Jews and Poles. Its existence was based on the doctrine of Czechoslovakian or Czechoslovakian nationalism, which supported the belief that the Czechs and Slovaks were one people, who throughout the centuries were divided by Hungarian and Austrian domination, and who would already form a unique people during the existence of the state Slavic of Great Moravia. However, such an idea was disputed, mainly from the Slovak side, and there was even during World War II the creation of a separate Slovak state, even though still a puppet state submissive to Nazi Germany.

on this day in 1939, in response to hitler’s invasion of poland, britain and france, both allies of the overrun nation declare war on germany.

the first casualty of that declaration was not german—but the british ocean liner athenia, which was sunk by a german u-30 submarine that had assumed the liner was armed and belligerent. there were more than 1,100 passengers on board, 112 of whom lost their lives. of those, 28 were americans, but president roosevelt was unfazed by the tragedy, declaring that no one was to “thoughtlessly or falsely talk of america sending its armies to european fields.” the united states would remain neutral.

as for britain’s response, it was initially no more than the dropping of anti-nazi propaganda leaflets—13 tons of them—over germany. they would begin bombing german ships on september 4, suffering significant losses. they were also working under orders not to harm german civilians. the german military, of course, had no such restrictions. france would begin an offensive against germany’s western border two weeks later. their effort was weakened by a narrow 90-mile window leading to the german front, enclosed by the borders of luxembourg and belgium—both neutral countries. the germans mined the passage, stalling the french offensive.

freedom of speech is also protected by the 1 amendment.

explanation:

here is pretty much what the 1st amendment says:

congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the government for a redress of grievances.