Policies are primarily based on
a. research and statistics
b. international statistics and scientific hypotheses
c. what has worked in the past in similar situations
d. what has not worked in the past in similar situations

C. what has worked in the past in similar situations

Explanation:

Most of the times, people attain to how things have ever been and what has worked so far. Rarely is the case of a policy being created to experiment and "see if it's going to work". Most decisions are based on observation of similar situations or prevention of unfamiliar ones.

the caste system in india is the paradigmatic ethnographic example of caste. it has origins in ancient india, and was transformed by various ruling elites in medieval, early-modern, and modern india, especially the mughal empire and the british raj.it is today the basis of educational and job reservations in india.it consists of two different concepts, varna and jati, which may be regarded as different levels of analysis of this system.

the caste system as it exists today is thought to be the result of developments during the collapse of the mughal era and the british colonial regime in india. the collapse of the mughal era saw the rise of powerful men who associated themselves with kings, priests and ascetics, affirming the regal and martial form of the caste ideal, and it also reshaped many apparently casteless social groups into differentiated caste communities.the british raj furthered this development, making rigid caste organisation a central mechanism of administration

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