How do animals such as penguins manage to retain body heat despite the frigid temperatures?

Antarctic birds and mammals - penguins, whales and seals - are warm blooded animals and they maintain similar internal body temperatures to warm blooded animals in any other climate zone - that is 35-42°C (95-107°F) depending on the species. They have to keep high body temperatures to remain active. These animals are known as endotherms (endo-inside + therm-heat) as they generate their heat internally. Antarctica's cold and wind mean that this heat can very quickly be lost leading to hypothermia (hypo-under).