The slave who sued for his freedom in the supreme court was .

Dred Scott

Explanation:

The slave who sued for his freedom in the supreme court was Dred Scott. He was an African American slave man in the United States, his case was very famous: Scott v Sandford also known as "Scott Case". Unfortunately he was not successful on his sued. He claimed that his wife and him has been living in the state of Winsconsin and Illinois for several years, and there the slavery was illegal at that time. As I said before he could not get his freedom on the legal way but they were manumitted by a private arragement. A few months later of getting his freedom, Dred Scott died of tuberculosis