How were the economic effects of england's constitutional monarchy different from those of the absolute monarchies of spain and france?
a. the monarchs of spain and france were enormously wealthy, while those of england were on a par with the nobles.
b. england was able to extract more wealth from its new world colonies than spain and france did from theirs.
c. england's economy grew more, since it relied on private merchants and companies rather than on royal management.
d. france and spain developed a sizable middle class, while england was strictly divided into rich and poor.