"joint stock companies" were organizations meant to establish colonies in the americas by people from what

The correct answer is, Britain.

“Joint Stock Companies” were organizations meant to establish colonies in the Americas by people from Britain.

When they arrived in America, the British introduced the Joint Stock Companies. That represented the beginning of what now we know as a corporation. Those stocks were sold to investors with the idea to get some money. That provided capital at low risk. People accepted the idea because the risk was limited and the profit was considerable. So it is true that Joint Stock Companies were organizations meant to establish colonies in the Americas by people from Britain.  

maybe #3? try that i think its correct

b. ensure mutual protection from communism.

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