What contributed to the implementation of jim crow laws?

Marcel is nearing graduation. he just met with his counselor and she showed him this information. marcel's college costs & payment options per year costs methods of payment tuition & fees grants & scholarships $12,500 $6,500 room & board work-study $8,200 $9,800 if he pays the balance with a student loan, how much will he need to borrow for his first year? $4,400 $6,000 $10,900 $14,200