In order to african americans in the us gain economic independence, marcus garvey founded the?

a.) tuskegee normal and industrial institute and the accommodation strategy
b.) "back to africa" movement and pan africanism
c.) black star line and the negro factories association

The Black Star Line, a shipping line created to ease the transportation of goods and African Americans across the Global Economy, and The Negro Factories Corporation, conceived to operate factories in Africa, USA, west Indies and Central America were endeavors to promote economic development alongside African descendants.

Both related to the Universal Negro Improvement Association founded by Marcus Garvey, a Jamaican immigrant living in New York around 1919, which inspired a global movement, known as "Garveyism". Thereby the correct answer is (C)

b. second continental congress