1. What is one possible positive consequence of Japanese isolation that Hall points out? 2. According to both writers, what was the main fear which caused the shogun to close Japan to the West?

3. How did Spain's activities in the Philippines serve as a warning to the Japanese? What effect did these activities have on Japanese policy?

Instead of being thirteen republics, under a federal head, [the federalists’ plan] is clearly designed to make us one [unified] government. . whether such a change can ever be [made] in any manner; whether it can be [made] without convulsions and civil wars; whether such a change will not totally destroy the liberties of this country—time only can determine. –the federal farmer what best summarizes the point of view the excerpt expresses? in time, one unified government will run the country. the federalists prefer thirteen republics to one unified government. one unified government probably will not lead to disruptions and civil wars. under one unified government, people will be robbed of their freedoms.