What was the role of the Caliphs?

The position of caliph became hereditary during the Umayyad Caliphate, making it the first Islamic dynasty. ... One of the responsibilities of the Caliph was to protect the Islamic holy cities of Mecca and Medina.

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answer: karl marx, max weber, and emile durkheim (the fourth could be considered georg simmel)

explanation:

in 1989, tiananmen square in beijing was the site of china’s main industries. china’s government headquarters. -pro-democracy demonstrations. (second choice)