W DOCUMENT A
6 jects to a
.e confusion
Thomas Hobbes,
Tradition, 360 Ed.. V
a
1995.
“Enlightenment is man's leaving his self-caused immaturity. Immaturity is the incapacity to
use one's intelligence without the guidance of another. ...it is not caused by lack of
intelligence, but by lack of determination and courage to use one's intelligence without being
guided by another Through laziness and cowardice a large part of mankind, even after
nature has freed them from alien guidance, gladly remain immatureAll that is required for
this enlightenment is freedom; and particularly... the freedom for man to make public use of
his reason in all matters."
Z
alt
-- Immanuel Kant, “What is Enlightenment?” [Essay excerpt], 1784. Marvin Perry, et al,
Eds. Sources of the Western Tradition, 3rd Ed., Vol. II: From the Renaissance to the
Present. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co. 1995.
1.According to Kant, what is Enlightenment? Why aren't people enlightened?