Help me please please ​

What clause of the treaty of versailles in particular left the germans feeling like they were “stabbed in the back? ” by the victors?

What does the quote describe? “the closeness of the place, and the heat of the climate, added to the number in the ship, which was so crowded that each had scarcely room to turn himself, almost suffocated us….the shrieks of the women, and the groans of the dying, rendered the whole a scene of horror almost inconceivable.”

What does the term “escalation” refer to?