A trasladarse en el momento en que la caza, la pesca o los frutos escaseaban en una determinada zona. • Vivían en _cuevas y __chozas.
• Utilizaban el para cocinar sus alimentos y para calentarse los días de frío.
• Usaban para vestirse.
• Pulían y tallaban , y para fabricar sus herramientas.
• Se organizaban en , que eran pequeños grupos familiares.
• La población era porque la vida de las personas era muy corta. Muchos niños morían al nacer y los adultos vivían pocos años.
Neolítico (hace unos 7.000 años)
• Aparece la y .
• El hombre aprende a producir su propio .
• Aprenden a criar y a domesticar y a cultivar la
.
• La agricultura convierte al hombre en (no se desplaza continuamente).
• Se construyen los primeros .
• La población . Se organizarán en
, que eran grupos más numerosos que los clanes y
donde cada miembro se especializaba en un trabajo.
• Aparece la y la elaboración de
.
• Inventan la el y el
• Usan la para navegar.

EDAD DE LOS METALES (HACE 6.000 AÑOS)
• Utilizan para fabricar armas,
herramientas y adornos.
• Usaron los siguientes metales:
Primero
Después
Finalmente
• Los poblados crecieron y se convirtieron en pequeñas
, que estaban rodeadas de
para facilitar su defensa.
• Los habitantes de estas ciudades se organizaron bajo la autoridad de un .

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from thales, who is often considered the first western philosopher, to the stoics and skeptics, ancient greek philosophy opened the doors to a particular way of thinking that provided the roots for the western intellectual tradition. here, there is often an explicit preference for the life of reason and rational thought. we find proto-scientific explanations of the natural world in the milesian thinkers, and we hear democritus posit atoms—indivisible and invisible units—as the basic stuff of all matter. with socrates comes a sustained inquiry into ethical matters—an orientation towards human living and the best life for human beings. with plato comes one of the most creative and flexible ways of doing philosophy, which some have since attempted to imitate by writing philosophical dialogues covering topics still of interest today in ethics, political thought, metaphysics, and epistemology. plato’s student, aristotle, was one of the most prolific of ancient authors. he wrote treatises on each of these topics, as well as on the investigation of the natural world, including the composition of animals. the hellenists—epicurus, the cynics, the stoics, and the skeptics—developed schools or movements devoted to distinct philosophical lifestyles, each with reason at its foundation.

with this preference for reason came a critique of traditional ways of living, believing, and thinking, which sometimes caused political trouble for the philosophers themselves. xenophanes directly challenged the traditional anthropomorphic depiction of the gods, and socrates was put to death for allegedly inventing new gods and not believing in the gods mandated by the city of athens. after the fall of alexander the great, and because of aristotle’s ties with alexander and his court, aristotle escaped the same fate as socrates by fleeing athens. epicurus, like xenophanes, claimed that the mass of people is impious, since the people conceive of the gods as little more than superhumans, even though human characteristics cannot appropriately be ascribed to the gods. in short, not only did ancient greek philosophy pave the way for the western intellectual tradition, including modern science, but it also shook cultural foundations in its own time.

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