13. What became a major route for sending oil to Europe and U. S. cities? ​

The Suez Canal and the SUMED Pipeline are strategic routes for Persian Gulf oil and natural gas shipments to Europe and North America. These two routes combined accounted for about 9% of the world's seaborne oil trade in 2015.

Explanation:

Explanation:

Suez canal and SUMED pipelines

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the roman army grew in size and became dominant in the mediterranean region.