1. What two European countries were rivals, and how was their dispute over land claims
settled? (p. 452)
2. Describe, in at least 1 sentence, how Hernan
Cortes overthrew the Aztec Empire. (p. 452-
453)

3. Describe, in at least 1 sentence, how
Francisco Pizarro overthrew the Inca Empire.
(p. 454)

4. In what ways did Spain maintain control of
its colonies? (p. 455)

1. Spain and Portugal is a long time rival.In order to end their dispute over land they split the world by drawing a north-to-south line of demarcation in the Atlantic Ocean, about 100 leagues (555 kilometers or 345 miles) west of the Cape Verde Islands, off the coast of northwestern Africa and then controlled by Portugal.All lands west of that line were claimed by Spain

2.Cortés managed to escape with some of his men from Tenochtitlan. He gathered a large force of natives including the Tlaxcalans to fight the Aztecs. He returned to Tenochtitlan and laid siege to the city. After three months of fighting, he finally took control of the city and completed his conquest of the Aztec Empire.

3.With fewer than 200 men against several thousand, Pizarro lures Atahualpa to a feast in the emperor's honor and then opens fire on the unarmed Incans. Pizarro's men massacre the Incans and capture Atahualpa, forcing him to convert to Christianity before eventually killing him. Pizarro's timing for conquest was perfect.

4.Conquistadores, soldiers, and mission- aries were the primary Spanish coloniz- ers; farmers and traders came later. Colonies were governed by crown- appointed viceroys or governors. Settlers had to obey the king's laws and could make none of their own.

a

explanation: