sistema kung saan ang mga pilipinong magsasaka ay sapilitang nagbebenta ng kanilang produkto sa mababang halaga at sapilitang binibigyan ng takdang produktong dapat ipagbili ng pamahalaan sa isang taon​

The  pan-african movement  was an "emotional, cultural, psychological and ideological  movement  that began among the  african  dispora in the western hemisphere, for a closer  purpose, so that  african  people could feel secure, attain political, economic as well as psychological power visa vis other races or world regions" .

A. southerners underestimated republicans eagerness to end slavery.