Source 1: Extract from Truman’s letter of August 11, 1945 to the General Secretary of the Federal Council of Churched of the USA.

Nobody is more disturbed over the use of atomic bombs than I am but I was greatly disturbed over the unwarranted attack by the Japanese on Pearl Harbor and their murder of our prisoners of war. The only language they seem to understand is the one we have been using to bombard them... When you have to deal with a beast you have to treat him as a beast. It is most regrettable but nevertheless true.

1.What does the source suggest about Truman’s character?

Source 2:

An excerpt from Churchill’s speech to a joint meeting of the US Congress, 19 May 1943. Quoted from Churchill: A Life by Martin Gilbert, published by Heinemann, UK 1991, page 746.

Any discord of lassitude [among the Allies] will give Germany and Japan the power to confront us with new and hideous facts. We have surmounted many serious dangers but there is one grave danger which will go along with us until the end; that danger is the undue prolongation of the war. No one can tell what new complications and perils might arise in four or five more years of war. And it is in the dragging out of the war at enormous expense, until the democracies are tired or bored or split, that the main
hopes of Germany and Japan must now reside.

Fully answer the questions on a separate sheet of paper, citing detailed evidence from your notes.

1.What does the source show about how Churchill was able to win over the US Congress? (Evidence for this question should come directly from this source.)

2.What was the most important agreement at the Yalta Conference and why?

3.What was the largest roadblock to success and why?

Source 3:

Excerpt from President Roosevelt’s message of 25 August 1942 to President Vargas, following Brazil’s declaration of war on Germany and Italy.

I have been informed that the United States of Brazil has today recognized that a state of war exists between Brazil, on one hand, and Germany and Italy on the other hand.

On behalf of the Government and people of the United States I express to Your Excellency the profound emotion with which this courageous action has been received in this country. This solemn decision more firmly aligns the people of Brazil with the free peoples of the world in a relentless struggle against the lawless and predatory Axis powers. It adds power and strength, moral and material, to the armies of liberty. As brothers in arms, our soldiers and sailors will write a new page in the history of friendship, confidence, and cooperation which has marked since the earliest days of independence relations between your country and mine.

The action taken today by your Government has hastened the coming of the inevitable victory of freedom over oppression, of Christian religion over the forces of evil and darkness.

Directions: Answer the question and support it with textual evidence from the passage.

1.What does this source show about Roosevelt’s attitude towards Brazil and its president?