Established lower federal courts A
Judiciary Act of 1789
B
dual court system
exclusive jurisdiction
D
concurrent jurisdiction

A

Explanation:

:D

the completion of the erie canal spurred the first great westward movement of american settlers, gave access to the rich land and resources west of the appalachians and made new york the preeminent commercial city in the united states.

it provided for selection of government employees through competitive examinations. it also made it unlawful to fire or demote covered employees for political reasons or to require them to give political service or payment, and it set up a civil service commission to enforce the law.

explanation: