Refer to the two passages. Source 1

"Germany owes a large sum to the Allies, the Allies owe a large sum to Great Britain, and Great Britain owes a large sum to the United States. The holders of war loan in every country are owed a large sum by the State, and the State in its turn is owed a large sum by these and other taxpayers. The whole position is in the highest degree artificial, misleading, and vexatious. We shall never be able to move again, unless we can free our limbs from these paper shackles. A general bonfire is so great a necessity that unless we can make of it an orderly and good-tempered affair in which no serious injustice is done to any one, it will, when it comes at last, grow into a conflagration that may destroy much else as well. As regards internal debt, I am one of those who believe that a capital levy for the extinction of debt is an absolute prerequisite of sound finance in every one of the European belligerent countries. But the continuance on a huge scale of indebtedness between Governments has special dangers of its own.”

John Maynard Keynes, political economist, criticizing the state of Europe in the aftermath of World War I and the Treaty of Versailles, 1920

Source 2

"As far as the general future and development of humanity is concerned, and apart from any mere consideration of current politics, Fascism above all does not believe either in the possibility or utility of universal peace. It therefore rejects the pacifism which masks surrender and cowardice. War alone brings all human energies to their highest tension and sets a seal of nobility on the peoples who have the virtue to face it. All other tests are but substitutes which never make a man face himself in the alternative of life or death. A doctrine which has its starting-point at the prejudicial postulate of peace is therefore extraneous to Fascism.

In the same way all international creations (which, as history demonstrates, can be blown to the winds when sentimental, ideal and practical elements storm the heart of a people) are also extraneous to the spirit of Fascism—even if such international creations are accepted for whatever utility they may have in any determined political situation.”

Benito Mussolini, prime minister of Italy, discussing his political philosophy in "The Doctrine of Fascism,” 1933

How did the economic consequences described in Source 1 contribute to Adolf Hitler’s rise to power in Nazi Germany?

They enabled banks to accumulate wealth rapidly using postwar loans.
They allowed state forces to militarize rapidly with Western technological expertise.
They provided an economic framework, which became the basis for an industrial war machine.
They disempowered the nation through economic sanctions, which fueled nationalization efforts.