What are "civilian deaths?" How does this compare with military deaths in the
European theater of WWII?

Civilian Deaths are deaths of non fighting people.

Explanation:

These deaths are often collateral damage, or intentional war crimes.

b. second continental congress

the answer is: must pay taxes on profits

since it is considered as a part of your income, profits from investments is eligible for tax payment.

the tax from your investment could be influenced by how long you decided to sell it. united states promotes keeping your investment for long term period. so, the tax rate for investments that you sell in less than one year is typically higher compared to investments that you sell in more than one year period.