Analyze how two court cases—engel v. vitale (1962) and west virginia board of education v. barnette (1943)—confirmed the first amendment right to freedom of religion.

Both cases confirmed the right of freedom of religion against governmental actions guaranteed by the First Amendment.

In Engel v. Vitale, the Supreme Court established that public schools could not direct common prayers for all their students, because in this way they would be violating the freedom of religion of the students; not even if these prayers did not correspond explicitly to any religion, or if the students could decide not to participate.

In West Virginia Board of Education v. Barnette established that it was contrary to freedom of religion to force students to salute the American flag, since in many cases their respective religions or beliefs did not allow them to perform this act (for example, Jehovah's Witnesses).

political parties are protected under 6th amendment.