Graphic title: Major Battles of the Civil War. The graphic shows a map of the eastern United States and a table listing the major battles of the Civil War and the number of casualties (Union and Confederate) in each battle. For the map, the following states are shown as Confederate states: Texas, Louisiana, Arkansas, Mississippi, Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Tennessee, South and North Carolina, and Virginia. The following states are shown to be border states: Missouri, Kentucky, Delaware, and Maryland. The following states are shown as Union states: Kansas, Iowa, Illinois, Indiana, Ohio, West Virginia, Pennsylvania, and New Jersey. The following battles are shown to be Confederate victories: Wilson The Battles of Antietam and Gettysburg resulted in some of the highest casualties of the war. What factor most likely influenced these casualty rates in both battles? Their closeness to the Union capital Their closeness to major sea ports Their closeness to Northern trade interests Their closeness to the Confederate capitol

How did the printing press make it difficult for the catholic church to stop the reformation? o a. priests were too busy printing and distributing bibles to oppose protestantism. o b. it created a growing middle class that was no longer interested in religion. o c. critics of the catholic church were able to quickly replace any hey writings the church destroyed. d. there were few printing presses in italy, where leadership of the catholic church was centered.

Background information: this is an article by will irvin, a correspondent for the new york tribune. irvin wrote this piece in april 1915, while reporting from the western front. at the time that irvin wrote this piece, the united states had declared neutrality in the war. boulogne, april 25. – the gaseous vapor which the germans used against the french divisions near ypres last thursday, contrary to the rules of the hague convention, introduces a new element into warfare. the attack of last thursday evening was preceded by the rising of a cloud of vapor, greenish gray and iridescent. that vapor settled to the ground like a swamp mist and drifted toward the french trenches on a brisk wind. its effect on the french was a violent nausea and faintness, followed by an utter collapse. it is believed that the germans, who charged in behind the vapor, met no resistance at all, the french at their front being virtually paralyzed. the effect of the noxious trench gas seems to be slow in wearing away. the men come out of their nausea in a state of utter collapse. some of the rescued have already died from the after effects. how many of the men left unconscious in the trenches when the french broke died from the fumes it is impossible to say, since those trenches were at once occupied by the germans. –will irvin, 1915 what were the effects of the poison gas, according to the reporter? a.) the french were victorious over the germans. b.) soldiers suffered from nausea and began to pass out, while some even died. c.) there were few effects, and the battle continued. d.) the gas was yellow and caused the men’s skin to blister.

What motivated marcus garvey to form his philosophy