QUESTION 1
Political parties are best defined as

as a political group that is officially recognized as being part of the electoral procces

a a political party is an organisation that coordinates candidates to complete in a country's election it is common for the member of a political party to have similar ideas about politics and parties may promote specific indelogical or policy goals

the conditions that made the byzantine empire vulnerable to attacks by the muslin turks were the sack of constantinople by western crusaders, the conquests of the sultanate of rum, presence of rival kingdoms and finally the set up of fiefdoms at the empire which were owned by the ghazis (turkish warriors).

1. it was caused by feudalism

2. charlemagne used christianity as a major cornerstone for his rule. cloisters were built all over the empire to act as centers for the (re)population of the vast european wilderness.

3. the europeans feared the next raid every time chetak

i'm not so sure about #6. but i hope i you with the first 3.