Refer to the passage. “The short reign of Ghiyāuddīn Tughlaq, the first Sultan of the new dynasty, brought with it peace and order and served as a good prelude to an epoch remarkable for its educational improvements. Sultan Ghiyāuddīn was fond of men of genius and learning, whom he used to invite to his Court. He constructed many public buildings and gave stipends to learned men, shaikhs and sayyids. He framed a code of laws founded upon the Qur’an and the ancient usages of the Delhi monarchy for guidance in the civil government of the country.”

Excerpt from Promotion of Learning in India during Muhammadan Rule, concerning the founder of the Tughlaq dynasty, 1320–1413

How did policies similar to those described in the passage contribute to the sultan’s success in maintaining control over India?

The sultan's repaired forts allowed the military to extend its control over the peasantry.
The sultan’s projects required higher taxes that kept citizens from rising above financial poverty.
The sultan’s complete control of the land granted the government access to unlimited resources.
The sultan’s adherence to codified law restored the peasants’ trust in a centralized government.