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D. Rule of law

Explanation:

Both the Ten Commandments and republicanism influenced "the rule of law" founding belief.  This is because the Ten Commandments are based on ten rules that serve to guide the conduct of the Israelites.  This is similar to Republicanism which is based on incorporating the rule of law into the system of government that suddenly overruled without legal backings.

answer: both considered peasants valued members of society.

explanation: the ancient chinese and indian empires were large asian empires that had the same problems with other big empires, they had to work hard and sometimes fight in order to keep them united, they both relied heavily on their capacity to trade and to send strange and rare items to europe, and had the father as the head of the house hold in both societies, but they didn´t considered pleasants as valued members of their society, they were the bottom of the social pyramid in both of their societies.