8. Which of these statements describes a civil case? a. A crime has been committed.
b. A jury or judge decides guilt or innocence of the accused.
c. State and local governments are not involved.
d. The court decides in favor of one side or another.

b. A jury or judge decides guilt or innocence of the accused.

Explanation:

donald carl johanson (born june 28, 1943) is an american paleoanthropologist. he is known for discovering – with yves coppens and maurice taieb – the fossil of a female hominin australopithecine known as "lucy" in the afar triangle region of hadar, ethiopia.

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i googled "who was kolson johanson" and this is the answer i found.

sorry if this is incorrect.

answer is :

many churches split during the movement.

new religions grew in popularity.