1. Why were Jim Crow Laws put in place, and why did opponents want to overturn the
laws?

Explanation:

Jim Crow laws were racial discrimination laws in the United States, mainly in the southern states, which controlled the daily lives of black people on a scale comparable to the caste system. These laws originated in the 1870s and were in force until the mid-1960s.

Jim Crow's laws were legally based on the Plessy v. Ferguson ruling of the United States Supreme Court in 1896. According to the ruling, Louisiana state law, which made separate but equal facilities for railways and whites mandatory on railways, was not unconstitutional. The decision formed the legal basis for state and local government racial segregation practices until 1954, when the Supreme Court overturned its ruling in Brown v. Topeka School Board. According to this unanimous decision (9-0), racial segregation is contrary to the Fourteenth Amendment to the Constitution.

Violence was a central tool in social control of Jim Crow laws. According to many white contemporaries, lynching was a necessary addition to the judiciary, though unpleasant. They believed blacks were prone to violent crimes, especially to abuse white women. According to Arthur Raper, who investigated lynchings in the south, about one-third of the lynched were innocent. Blacks were usually bullied for claiming civil rights, for violating Jim Crow rules, or for post-race riots.

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