Justices for the supreme court are:
elected by the people
elected by the senators
nominated by the chief justice
nominated by the president

Option 4: Nominated by the President.

According to the United States’ Constitution, in Section 2, Clause 2: Advice and Consent Clause, the President is the responsible to nominate Justices of the Supreme Court, as wells as Ambassadors, other public Ministers and Consuls, and other Officers of the nation, with the Advice and Consent of the Senate.

by creating a labor shortage that pushed the continent toward a market economy

yes

explanation:

the fighting words doctrine, in united states constitutional law, is a limitation to freedom of speech as protected by the first amendment to the united states constitution. in 1942, the u.s. supreme court established the doctrine by a 9–0 decision in chaplinsky v. new hampshire.