Which passage from the US. Constitution reflects the principle of federalism? W in Suits at common law, where the value in controversy shall exceed twenty dollars, the night of trial by jury shall be
preserved, and no fact tried by a jury, shall be otherwise re-examined in any Court of the United States than according to the
rules of the common law.

X The United States shall guarantee to every State in this Union a Republican Form of Government, and shall protect each of
them against Invasion and on Application of the Legislature, or of the Executive (when the Legislature cannot be convened).
against domestic Violence.

Y. The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects against unreasonable searches and
seizures shall not be violated, and no Warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause supported by Oath or affirmation and
particularly describing the place to be searched and the persons or things to be seized.

Z A well regulated Militia, being necessary to the security of a free State, the right of the people to keep and bear Arms, shall not
be infringed

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The Seventh Amendment has two clauses. The first, known as the Preservation Clause, provides: “In Suits at common law, where the value in controversy shall exceed twenty dollars, the right of trial by jury shall be preserved This clause sets out the types of cases juries are required to decide. The second clause, known as the Re examination Clause, declares: “no fact tried by a jury, shall be otherwise re-examined in any Court of the United States, than according to the rules of the common law.” This clause prevents federal judges from overturning jury verdicts in certain ways.

Explanation:

In interpreting the Seventh Amendment, judges soon encountered a problem. To which “common law” courts was the Amendment referring? The states had different civil jury practices, and the federal courts were new. The United States Supreme Court announced a solution. The term “common law” in the Seventh Amendment meant the common law of England. Parsons v. Bedford (1830). A century later, the Supreme Court formally declared that the Amendment was to be interpreted according to the common law of England at the time the Amendment was ratified, that is, in 1791. Dimick v. Schiedt (1935).

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pepin the short[a] (german: pippin der kurze, french: pépin le bref, c. 714 – 24 september 768) was the king of the franks from 751 until his death. he was the first of the carolingians to become king.[b][2]

the younger son of the frankish prince charles martel and his wife rotrude, pepin's upbringing was distinguished by the ecclesiastical education he had received from the monks of st. denis. succeeding his father as the mayor of the palace in 741, pepin reigned over francia jointly with his elder brother carloman. pepin ruled in neustria, burgundy, and provence, while his brother carloman established himself in austrasia, alemannia and thuringia. the brothers were active in suppressing revolts led by the bavarians, aquitanians, saxons, and the alemanni in the early years of their reign. in 743, they ended the frankish interregnum by choosing childeric iii, who was to be the last merovingian monarch, as figurehead king of the franks.