Panes que desde la nueva España se siguen produciendo.

pan-africanism or pan-africanism is a political, philosophical, cultural and social movement that promotes african twinning, the defense of the rights of african people and the unity of africa under a single sovereign state, for all africans, both africa as of the african diasporas.

d. it adversely affected american productivity

im not sure on this one

napoleon the third became a empire in 1873 also known as the era of the franco-prussian war.