Who wrote this description of the Roman constitution? What book was it written in? What year was it written?

Not to be confused with Constitution (Roman law).

Ancient Rome

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This article is part of a series on the

politics and government of

ancient Rome

Periods

Roman Kingdom

753–509 BC

Roman Republic

509–27 BC

Roman Empire

27 BC – AD 395

Principate

27 BC – AD 284

Dominate

AD 284–641

Western

AD 395–476

Eastern

AD 395–1453

Timeline

Roman Constitution

Constitution of the Kingdom

Constitution of the Republic

Constitution of the Empire

Constitution of the Late Empire

Senate

Legislative assemblies

Executive magistrates

Precedent and law

Roman law

Ius

Imperium

Mos maiorum

Collegiality

Auctoritas

Roman citizenship

Cursus honorum

Senatus consultum

Senatus consultum ultimum

Assemblies

Centuriate

Curiate

Plebeian

Tribal

Ordinary magistrates

Consul

Praetor

Quaestor

Promagistrate

Aedile

Tribune

Censor

Governor

Extraordinary magistrates

Corrector

Dictator

Magister equitum

Consular tribune

Rex

Triumviri

Decemviri

Titles and honours

Emperor

Legatus

Dux

Officium

Praeses

Praefectus

Vicarius

Vigintisexviri

Lictor

Magister militum

Imperator

Princeps senatus

Pontifex maximus

Augustus

Caesar

Tetrarch

Other countries

vte

The Roman Constitution was an uncodified set of guidelines and principles passed down mainly through precedent.[1] The Roman constitution was not formal or even official, largely unwritten and constantly evolving. Having those characteristics, it was therefore more like the British and United States common law system than a sovereign law system like the English Constitutions of Clarendon and Great Charter or the United States Constitution, even though the constitution's evolution through the years was often directed by passage of new laws and repeal of older ones.

Concepts that originated in the Roman constitution live on in both forms of government to this day. Examples include checks and balances, the separation of powers, vetoes, filibusters, quorum requirements, term limits, impeachments, the powers of the purse, and regularly scheduled elections. Even some lesser used modern constitutional concepts, such as the bloc voting found in the electoral college of the United States, originate from ideas found in the Roman constitution.

Over the years, the Roman constitution continuously evolved. By the late 5th century BC, the Constitution of the Roman Kingdom had given way to the Constitution of the Roman Republic. By 27 BC, the Constitution of the Roman Republic had transformed into the Constitution of the Roman Empire. By 300 AD, the Constitution of the Roman Empire had been reformed into the Constitution of the Late Roman Empire. The actual changes, however, were quite gradual. Together, these four constitutions formed four epochs in the continuous evolution of one master constitution.

Explanation:

b)

it created free trade throughout the colonial territories.

regarding the law, the 15th amendment was specifically designed thinking in the rights of black free men.

even though ratified on february 3, 1870, the promise of the 15th amendment would not be fully applied for a long time.poll taxes and literacy tests would allow southern states disenfranchise african americans. only in 1965 the voting rights for african americans would be actually able to vote in the south.

in 1965, president johnson signed the voting rights act, which aimed to overcome legal barriers that prevented african americans from voting as it was guaranteed by the 15th amendment to the u.s. constitution.