Why did Russian czars reform

Defeat in the Crimean War exposed Russia's lack of development in relation to its European neighbours. These outcomes became the catalyst for long-awaited reforms. 3. The reign of a new tsar, Alexander II, brought with it the emancipation of serfdom.

Explanation:

when people started to question traditional christian beliefs, they became criminals in the eyes of the church: they were accused of heresy and then, executed. the church held unbelievable power and anyone who tried to defy it or its beliefs, was demonized and persecuted.

mark brainliest and have a stunning day!

1. it was caused by feudalism

2. charlemagne used christianity as a major cornerstone for his rule. cloisters were built all over the empire to act as centers for the (re)population of the vast european wilderness.

3. the europeans feared the next raid every time chetak

i'm not so sure about #6. but i hope i you with the first 3.