1 What is the purpose of using direct quotes in a summary? To prove that you read the book or article

To give your reader something else to think about

To make summary a little longer than it would be otherwise

To make the summary more interesting to read

To make the summary more interesting to read

Explanation:

it gives more details. and it makes it more interesting to have proof.

affirmative action refers to the policies that take gender, race, or ethnicity into account in order to promote equal opportunity.

employers subject to title vii are prohibited from taking race or sex into account in any employment decisions. aa is a penalty for having any job group substantially statistically "underutilized" in any race or either sex. the employer must take steps to eliminate the underutilization, then stop, ending its aa efforts

b: the establishment clause  

b: socialism