Why did other countries pay tribute to the Qing Empire?

Lloyd’s of london was one of the first institutions to offer insurance to merchants and joint-trade companies. a major part of the insurance system involved people who agreed to take responsibility for the insured losses in return for a fee. what were these risk-takers known as? a. joint-stock companies b. investors c. underwriters d. merchants e. capitalists

Read the following passage. the early mill girls were of different ages. some were not over ten years old; a few were in middle life, but the majority were between the ages of sixteen and twenty-five. the very young girls were called "doffers." they "doffed," or took off, the full bobbins from the spinning frames, and replaced them with empty ones. based on the passage, early mill girls were mostly young. were mostly middle aged. were of a variety of ages. were mostly children.

What were some reasons as to why britain and france followed a policy of appeasement when dealing with german, italian and japanese aggression (give me 3)? what did this policy lead to?