How did Europeans and people of European descent gain, consolidate, and maintain power in South Africa?

The correct answer to this open question is the following.

Although there are no options attached, we can say the following.

Europeans consolidated and maintained power in South Africa when they colonized that region of the African continent.

Particularly, it was Great Britain the nation that had a more dominant presence in South Africa before and during the "Scramble for Africa," a period in history from the end of the 1800s to 1915, in which European superpowers split the continent and colonize most of the African territories.

We are talking about countries such as France, Spain, Germany, the Netherlands, Portugal, and of course, Great Britain.

British people colonized South Africa, knowing that they could exploit the many raw materials and natural resources such as gold, just to make great profits.

answer:   migrations were important in the neolithic period. "two major migrations passing through southeastern europe were confirmed by the means of archaeo-genetic studies."

the first migration was the early neolithic period -- 6,000 before common era (bce) -- when the first farmers, from anatolia -- asia minor -- spread through europe. the second migration occurred during the early bronze age (3,000-2,500 bce) when the so-called "steppe population," from the eurasian steppe, replaced much of northern europe's previous population.

the first farmers of northern and western europe passed through southeastern europe with limited hunter-gatherer genetic admixture, which occurs when two or more previously isolated populations begin interbreeding. however, some groups that remained mixed extensively -- without the male-biased, hunter-gatherer admixture that prevailed later in the north and west, according to latest discoveries. southeastern europe continued to be a nexus between east and west, with intermittent genetic contact with the steppe people up to 2,000 years before the migrations that replaced much of northern europe's population.

"in some places, hunter-gatherers and incoming farmers seem to have mixed very quickly," says iain mathieson, a geneticist at the university of pennsylvania, who was first author of the paper. "but, mostly, the two groups remained isolated, at least for the first few hundred years. these hunter-gatherers had been living there for thousands of years, and it must have been quite a shock to have these new people show up -- with a completely different lifestyle and appearance."