What created a loose alliance of the 13 independent states

The germans were expecting the invasion to land at pas-de-calais,northeast of the actual normandy invasion site. what do you think might have been the advantages of a landing at pas-de-calais? ‍♀️

The victory of andrew jackson in the presidential elections of 1828 was aided by (1) the support of eastern bankers (2) implementing woman's suffrage (3) reducing property qualification for voting (4) the endorsement of northern abolitionists

Most criminologists agree that juvenile crime is less violent today than it was in the early 1990s. according to the text the reasons cited for this decline include what?