Why is Spain a good example of how most conquered peoples of other faiths vere treated under the Umayyad caliphate?

In this unit, you read about transitions of power and the formation of newly independent nations in africa, asia, the americas, and the middle east. some of these transitions were peaceful, while others caused long-term instability. why do you think some countries were more successful than others with political transitions? what do you think were the biggest challenges facing newly independent countries? would it have been possible for leaders to prevent these problems before they happened? why or why not?

Considering the benefits and drawbacks of the different types of money as well as the gold standard, do you agree or disagree with the us government’s decision to discontinue the gold standard? justify your response.

How did testimony such as this from the triangle shirtwaist factory disaster affect the workplace?