Have women made the most progress politically, economically, or socially since the turn of the 19th century?

Yes; since the trun of 19th century women made the most progress politically economically or socially its because of spread in knowledge; decrease in superstitious beliefs; women are also doing so well and being independent in comparison to men as we can see the differences now as compared to past. Going foreign has also became the famous in male which has increase the level of confidence for female to step forward to do anything.

the answer is: must pay taxes on profits

since it is considered as a part of your income, profits from investments is eligible for tax payment.

the tax from your investment could be influenced by how long you decided to sell it. united states promotes keeping your investment for long term period. so, the tax rate for investments that you sell in less than one year is typically higher compared to investments that you sell in more than one year period.