If roosevelt’s judicial reform had been passed, how would new judges have been appointed?
a) on the basis of the years of experiences of sitting judges
b) on the basis of the age of sitting judges
c) on the basis of the workload of the supreme court
d) on the basis of the will of the people
e) on the basis of the number who had retired

Correct  B) on the basis of the age of sitting judges.

Context/explanation:

President Franklin Delano Roosevelt (FDR) was eager to implement his New Deal programs as an antidote to the Great Depression.  However, the US Supreme Court had already ruled that some provisions of the New Deal were unconstitutional, because they took too much power into the hands of the federal government, especially the executive branch of the federal government.  So, riding the momentum of his landslide reelection victory in 1936, in February of 1937, FDR proposed a plan to expand the Supreme Court to as many as 15 judges.  The plan offered to provide full pay to justices over age 70 who would retire.  If the older justices didn't retire, assistant justices (with full voting rights) would be appointed to sit with those existing justices.  This was a way FDR hoped to give the court a liberal majority that would side with his programs.

As it turned out, before FDR's proposal came up for a vote in Congress, two of the sitting justices came over to his side of the argument, and the Supreme Court narrowly approved as constitutional both the Social Security Act and the National Labor Relations Act.  So his plan (which failed in the US Senate) became unnecessary to his purposes.  

Roosevelt's "court-packing" scheme was unpopular. It was seen as an attempt to take away the independence of the judicial branch of government.  

the correct answer is "c: merchants" and "e. soldiers".

the song dynasty was known as the first government in the world to introduce paper currency. it was also the first chinese government which established a permanent standing navy. finally, the first compass was introduced during this period of government.

all of these innovations heavily affected commerce in a positive way. printed money dynamize commerce within the borders of the empire due to an easier way to quantify value during the trade. the introduction of the compass trade routes to be faster. finally, the introduction of a standing navy regulate trade routes.

regarding military affairs, gunpowder was created during this period. this was a tremendous improvement that was widely utilized by the military in order to innovate in the manufacturing of weapons.

worldwide, 780 million people do not have access to an improved water source. an estimated 2.5 billion people lack access to improved sanitation (more than 35% of the world's population)